Letter formation

What is 'letter formation'?

Letter formation refers to the physical skill of correctly forming or writing the letters of the alphabet.

Why it matters

While not a primary focus learning to read systems, letter formation is still a relevant skill under the umbrella of alphabetic knowledge. The ability to write letters correctly can support reading development, especially when the child is also learning how to map sounds to written letters. The fine motor skills involved in writing can help reinforce a child’s understanding of letter shapes and their corresponding sounds.

Letter formation activities

Engaging multiple senses helps reinforce memory and motor skills. Tracing letters in sand or foam can strengthen a child’s understanding of letter formation. This tactile experience also makes learning playful and memorable.
Incorporating large body movements such as tracing letters in the air may help children visualise the shapes of letters before they try to write them on paper, building muscle memory. This gross motor activity is fun and reinforces correct letter formation.
Hands-on materials make letter formation engaging and allow children to practise in a low-stress, creative environment. Using chalk outdoors, special window markers or bath crayons will also give children a larger space to practise.

Teaching tips

It’s important to remember that specific letter styles are taught in school and may differ depending on the state, school district or country in which your child will attend school. It’s important to research this prior to introducing letter formation to your child.
Once you have determined the state or school district in which your child will attend school, handwriting workbooks found in local newsagents and educational bookstores can be a useful resource to refer to when teaching letter formation. These books usually include numbered arrow guides to demonstrate correct letter formation. These visuals can also be used when guiding children in the multi-sensory activities suggested above.
There is a wide variety of pencils and crayons designed specifically for children learning to write, including easy-grip crayons and triangular pencils that help promote proper hand positioning. Choose non-toxic and washable options, as they help protect children who tend to put objects in their mouths, as well as safeguard clothes and furniture from stains.
It’s important to note that correct pencil grasp usually develops between the ages of 4 and 6. Encourage your child to use an age-appropriate grip early on to help prevent the habits forming that may need to be corrected later when they start school.